Volume CLXXVINo. 1

The Federal Ledger

Est. 1776 • Digital Archive of the Republic

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Essay1798

Kentucky Resolutions

Thomas Jefferson (anonymously)
Kentucky Resolutions
Facsimile — via Wikimedia Commons

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Jefferson secretly drafted the Kentucky Resolutions in 1798 to protest the Alien and Sedition Acts. He argued that states, as parties to the Constitution, could judge for themselves when the federal government had exceeded its powers — the 'compact theory' that would later be invoked to defend nullification and, ultimately, secession.

Resolved, that the several States composing the United States of America, are not united on the principle of unlimited submission to their general government; but that, by a compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the United States, and of amendments thereto, they constituted a general government for special purposes, delegated to that government certain definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the residuary mass of right to their own self-government.
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